How Would You Create An Individual Who Will Definitely Have Blue Eyes?
How would you create an individual who will definitely have blue eyes? Make sure he has a pair of homozygous chromosomes for blue eyes. Make sure he has a pair of heterozygous chromosomes for eye color.
How can two parents with brown eyes produce an offspring with blue eyes quizlet?
If brown eyes is a dominant trait (B)over blue eyes (b), is it possible for two brown eyed parents to have a child with blue eyes? Why or why not? Yes, if both parents are carriers of the blue trait (heterozygous).
Which process can be explained by alleles?
Mutation : The mutation is the process of producing new alleles of a gene. It’s a natural process that alters a DNA sequence and produces alleles, which are slightly different variants of the same gene. Every individual is distinct due to these minor variations in DNA sequence.
Which best exemplifies the concept of incomplete dominance?
Which best exemplifies the concept of incomplete dominance? genetic counseling. The embryo is connected to the uterus via the fallopian tube.
Which statement concerning the sickle cell trait is true quizlet?
Which statement concerning the sickle-cell trait is true? Individuals with the trait have both a dominant and recessive allele for the disorder.
How is it possible for two blue-eyed people to have a brown-eyed child?
Can two parents with blue eyes have a child with brown eyes? Yes, blue-eyed parents can definitely have a child with brown eyes. Or green or hazel eyes for that matter. If you stayed awake during high school biology, you might find this answer surprising.
We were all taught that parents with blue eyes have kids with blue eyes. Every time. This has to do with the fact that blue eyes are supposed to be recessive to brown eyes. This means that if a parent has a brown eye gene, then that parent will have brown eyes. Which makes it impossible for two blue-eyed parents to have a brown-eyed child – they don’t have a brown eye gene to pass on! In fact, this is the model we used for our eye color calculator.* And that we talk about extensively here at Ask a Geneticist.
Blue-eyed parents can have kids with brown eyes. (Image via Shutterstock) Now we aren’t being dishonest or trying to hide anything by presenting this model. It works great most of the time. But as with anything genetic, there are always exceptions. For example, DNA can and does change between generations.
- So if a change happened that turned a blue eye color gene into a brown one, then blue-eyed parents could have a brown-eyed child.
- As you might guess, this sort of thing is pretty rare.
- Too rare to explain all the exceptions we see with eye color.
- So something else must be going on.
- That something is most likely other genes involved in eye color that we don’t know about.
Eye color used to be presented as a fairly simple trait. A big part of the model was the idea that we had an eye color gene that came in two varieties – brown and blue. Geneticists represented the brown version as “B” and the blue version as “b”. The model also said that blue (b) was recessive to brown (B).
This matters because it is an explanation for how brown-eyed parents can have a blue-eyed child. See, we have two copies of each of our genes – one from each biological parent. This means there are three possible combinations for this eye color gene: BB, Bb, and bb. BB is of course brown and in this model, bb would be blue.
Since blue is recessive to brown, Bb people have brown eyes. But they can pass a “b” down to their kids, who might end up with blue eyes. Now eye color is obviously more complicated than this. This model doesn’t explain green eyes for example. Scientists added a second gene to try to explain green eyes but we don’t need to go into that here ( to learn more about the two-gene model).
| Genes | What it Means |
| BB | Brown eyes |
| B b | Brown eyes |
| bb | Not brown eyes |
Again, bb people should not be able to pass on brown eyes to their kids. But we know they can. Which means that this model is incomplete (or wrong). The results I just put into the previous table are theoretical and based on the model I talked about. Here are some actual results I adapted from ‘s website:
| Genes | What it Means in Europeans |
| BB |
|
| B b |
|
| bb |
|
As you can see, the original model holds up pretty well for BB and bb people. Most BB people have brown eyes and most bb people don’t. But the model clearly doesn’t explain the following:
- 1% of bb people have brown eyes
- 1% of BB people have blue eyes (and 14% have green)
- 44% of Bb people do not have brown eyes
The biggest disconnect is with Bb people. Only 56% have brown eyes. If this holds up, I am not sure we can even call blue and green recessive to brown. Whatever the reason, these data give some clues about how two blue-eyed parents might have a brown-eyed child.
- For example, imagine two parents are Bb and have blue eyes.
- They each pass a B down to one of their children.
- That child will be BB and most likely have brown eyes.
- This example uses known data to show how blue-eyed parents might have a child with brown eyes.
- But it doesn’t explain why a Bb person has blue eyes in the first place.
To do this, we need to guess what other genes may be doing. And how they might be affecting the original eye color gene. Going into detail about these possibilities would need more space than I have here! And in the end, the truth is that eye color is a complex trait that we don’t fully understand yet.
How can two parents with brown eyes have a child with blue eyes?
Is it possible for two brown eyed people to have a child with blue eyes? Editor’s Note (4/14/2021): The following article and diagrams present an over-simplified, outdated version of eye color genetics. Eye color is influenced by at least 50 genes, not all of which are well understood.
Yes. The short answer is that brown-eyed parents can have kids with brown, blue or virtually any other color eyes. Eye color is very complicated and involves many genes. To begin to understand how parents with brown eyes could have blue-eyed children, let’s imagine that eye color is due to a single gene, EYCL3, which comes in two versions or alleles, brown ( B ) and blue ( b ).
Remember that for most genes (including eye color), you have two copies of each gene, and that you inherited one from your mother and one from your father. The brown version of the eye color gene ( B ) is dominant over the blue version ( b ). Dominant means that if either of your genes is the B version, then you will have brown eyes.
Genetically speaking, then, people with brown eyes could be either BB or Bb while people with blue eyes could only be bb, Example of a one-gene model for eye color. For two parents with brown eyes to have a blue-eyed child, both parents must genetically be Bb, When this happens, there is a 1 in 4 chance that these parents will have a bb child with blue eyes.
Unfortunately, eye color is not as simple as this. Besides the EYCL3 gene described above, at least two other genes, EYCL1 and EYCL2, are also involved. Although this set of genes explains how people can have green eyes, it does a poor job of explaining how blue-eyed parents could have brown-eyed children or how anyone can have hazel or gray eyes at all.
To understand green eyes in all of this, we only need to review EYCL1 and EYCL3 (EYCL2 is a poorly understood brown eye color gene). Remember, EYCL3 has two versions, brown ( B ) and blue ( b ). EYCL1 also comes in two versions, green ( G ) and blue ( b ). The way these genes work is that if you have a B allele, you will have brown eyes ( B is dominant over b and G ), if you have a G allele and no B allele, you will have green eyes ( G is dominant over b ) and if you have all b genes, then you will have blue eyes.
How Did Blue Eyes Evolve?
Example of a two-gene model for eye color. I hope this helps to answer your question. As you can tell, while some progress has been made, eye color is a very complex, polygenic trait that is not yet fully understood. : Is it possible for two brown eyed people to have a child with blue eyes?
How do you create a new allele?
Answer and Explanation: Mutation is the only way to produce new alleles in a population. This can create minor differences in the allele frequencies of the population. It lead to variation in DNA sequences that can result in the formation of new genotypes.
How do you know if you have strong genes?
What does it even mean to have strong genes? – Parents may be interested in finding answers to questions like how one can make their genes stronger or in whether the mother or father have stronger genes. Genetics expert, Dana Bressette, shares important info about the concepts of strong and weak genes: “There really isn’t a concept of ‘strong’ or ‘weak’ genes.
In genetics, we refer to genes as dominant or recessive. Dominant genes (in a genetic pair called an allele) can be expressed even if there is only one in the pair. Recessive genes require two copies in the pair to express. There is nothing that you can do to strengthen your genes, they are expressed based on your own genetic code.
The question of who has stronger genes, the mother or the father, is interesting, because as noted in this Live Science study, because you get mitochondrial DNA only from your mother in each of your cells, more of your DNA (slightly) will come from your mother (Whitcomb, 2020).
What is complete dominance example?
Complete Dominance Definition – Complete dominance occurs when one allele – or “version” – of a gene completely masks another. The trait that is expressed is described as being “dominant” over the trait that is not expressed. Most organisms are diploid – that is, they get two copies of each gene, one from each of their parents.
Having two copies of each gene protects against the harmful effects of mutations – in many cases, an organism might have a gene that has experienced a harmful mutation, but still be able to function because it also has a healthy copy of the gene. Because most organisms – including you – have two copies of each gene they possess, scientists talk about “dominant” and “recessive” genes to express which one is expressed in the form of a trait.
Brown eyes, for example, is a trait that exhibits complete dominance: someone with a copy of the gene for brown eyes will always have brown eyes. Blue eyes, on the other hand, are recessive: if a copy of the gene for brown eyes is present, the blue-eyed gene will be completely masked.
What is a incomplete dominance explain with suitable example and checker board method?
Incomplete Dominance – Concept of Dominance And Co dominance “Incomplete dominance is a form of intermediate inheritance in which one allele for a particular trait is not expressed completely over its paired allele.” Incomplete dominance is a form of Gene interaction in which both alleles of a gene at a locus are partially expressed, often resulting in an intermediate or different phenotype.
Which of the following statements is the most appropriate for sickle cell?
Which of the following statements is the most appropriate for sickle cell anaemia? Right on! Give the BNAT exam to get a 100% scholarship for BYJUS courses It confers resistance to acquiring malaria. No worries! We‘ve got your back. Try BYJU‘S free classes today! It is a molecular disease. Suggest Corrections 1 : Which of the following statements is the most appropriate for sickle cell anaemia?
What is sickle cell trait characterized by?
Summary. Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a rare blood disorder that is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner. It is characterized by the presence of sickle, or crescent-shaped, red blood cells (erythrocytes) in the bloodstream.
Which of the following is a characteristic of sickle cell trait?
Description – Sickle cell disease is a group of disorders that affects hemoglobin, the molecule in red blood cells that delivers oxygen to cells throughout the body. People with this disease have atypical hemoglobin molecules called hemoglobin S, which can distort red blood cells into a sickle, or crescent, shape.
Signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease usually begin in early childhood. Characteristic features of this disorder include a low number of red blood cells ( anemia ), repeated infections, and periodic episodes of pain. The severity of symptoms varies from person to person. Some people have mild symptoms, while others are frequently hospitalized for more serious complications.
The signs and symptoms of sickle cell disease are caused by the sickling of red blood cells. When red blood cells sickle, they break down prematurely, which can lead to anemia. Anemia can cause shortness of breath, fatigue, and delayed growth and development in children.
The rapid breakdown of red blood cells may also cause yellowing of the eyes and skin, which are signs of jaundice. Painful episodes can occur when sickled red blood cells, which are stiff and inflexible, get stuck in small blood vessels, These episodes deprive tissues and organs, such as the lungs, kidneys, spleen, and brain, of oxygen-rich blood and can lead to organ damage.
A particularly serious complication of sickle cell disease is high blood pressure in the blood vessels that supply the lungs (pulmonary hypertension), which can lead to heart failure. Pulmonary hypertension occurs in about 10 percent of adults with sickle cell disease.
How can you be born with 2 different colored eyes?
What Is Heterochromia? – Heterochromia is when a person has differently colored eyes or eyes that have more than one color. Most of the time, it doesn’t cause any problems. It’s often just a quirk caused by genes passed down from your parents or by something that happened when your eyes were forming.
How do I have blue eyes if my dad has brown?
The brown-eye gene is dominant and overrides the blue-eye gene, so all the children have brown eyes. However, if the father also carries a blue-eye gene and a child inherits one from each parent, that child will have blue eyes.
What do two brown-eyed parents make?
What color eyes will my child have? – There’s no guarantee when it comes to your offspring’s eye color. While a baby inherits half of their eye color genetics from one parent and half from the other parent, the way that the genes interact also plays a role in determining eye color.
Differences in eye color are also influenced by differing amounts of melanin, the pigment responsible for eye color (plus hair color and skin tone). For instance, many white non-Hispanic babies are born with blue eyes because they don’t have the full amount of melanin present in their irises at birth.
As the child grows older, if they’ve developed slightly more melanin in their irises, the eyes will be green or hazel, When the iris stores a lot of melanin, the eyes will be amber (a golden brown), light brown or dark brown. Even though you don’t know the amount of melanin your baby will have, you can still get a pretty good sense of eye color from the parents’ eye colors.
Two blue-eyed parents are likely to have a blue-eyed child, but it’s not guaranteed. Two brown-eyed parents are likely to have a brown-eyed child. Again, it’s not guaranteed. Two green-eyed parents are likely to have a green-eyed child, although there are exceptions. Two hazel-eyed parents are likely to have a hazel-eyed child, although a different eye color could emerge. If one of the grandparents has blue eyes, the odds of having a baby with blue eyes increases slightly. If one parent has brown eyes and the other has blue eyes, the chances of having a brown-eyed or blue-eyed baby are roughly even.
The Fertility Institutes, which offers fertility services in California, New York, Utah and Mexico, offers the following odds of a baby’s eye color based on the parents’ eye colors. (Due to rounding, percentages don’t always add up to 100%.)
Both parents with brown eyes: 75% chance of baby with brown eyes, 18.8% chance of baby with green eyes, 6.3% chance of baby with blue eyes. Both parents with blue eyes: 99% chance of baby with blue eyes, 1% chance of baby with green eyes, 0% chance of baby with brown eyes. Both parents with green eyes: 75% chance of baby with green eyes, 25% of baby with blue eyes, 0% chance of baby with brown eyes. One parent with brown eyes and one parent with blue eyes: 50% chance of baby with brown eyes, 50% chance of baby with blue eyes, 0% chance of baby with green eyes. One parent with brown eyes and one parent with green eyes: 50% chance of baby with brown eyes, 37.5% chance of baby with green eyes, 12.5% chance of baby with blue eyes. One parent with blue eyes and one parent with green eyes: 50% of chance of baby with blue eyes, 50% chance of baby with green eyes, 0% chance of baby with brown eyes.
Keep in mind that it may take six to 12 months for a baby’s true eye color to emerge, so the color you see at birth can certainly change. SEE RELATED: Is it true all babies are born with blue eyes?
What is the probability that two heterozygous parents with brown eyes have offspring with blue eyes?
For each child, there is a 25% probability of the child having blue eyes if both brown-eyed parents are heterozygous.
What is the probability of having a blue eyes offspring?
Predicting Eye Color
| Probability of Eye Color | ||
|---|---|---|
| Blue | Blue | 99% |
| Blue | Green | 50% |
| Blue | Brown | 50% |
| Green | Green | 25% |